keyboard typing finger movements sending image

The present study was carried out with this in mind. Yet, there are several new stylus technologies available on the market today, allowing students to have an electronic record of their notes, and at the same time encouraging them to process the information coming in through the fingers, eyes and ears, rather than mindlessly transcribing it. However, it is hard to imagine that people will actually be switching back to using pen and paper. From this study it seems that using traditional pen and paper is preferable over traditional laptop use, using the keyboard, when taking notes. The authors suggested that laptop note takers might engage in less extensive cognitive processing than longhand note takers. The results indicated that both types of note takers performed equally well on questions that involved recalling facts, while longhand note takers performed significantly better on the conceptual questions. Immediately after watching the lecture, they had to answer factual-recall questions and conceptual-application questions. They received either laptops or notebooks, and were instructed to take notes using whatever strategy they normally used. College students watched 30-min TED Talks on specialist topics that were not common knowledge. Thus, typing may undermine the encoding benefits seen in past notetaking studies.Ī recent study by Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) addressed potential differences in laptop versus longhand notetaking. Traditional laptop use, using the keyboard, promotes verbatim transcription of lecture content because most students can type much faster than they can write ( Brown, 1988). Studies have shown that non-verbatim notetaking leads to better performance than verbatim notetaking, especially on conceptual items ( Aiken et al., 1975 Bretzing and Kulhavy, 1979 Slotte and Lonka, 1999 Igo et al., 2005). Greater encoding benefits have been observed the more deeply information is processed during notetaking ( DiVesta and Gray, 1973). Verbatim notetaking typically involves relatively shallow cognitive processing ( Craik and Lockhart, 1972 Kiewra, 1985). Notetaking can be generative (e.g., summarizing, reframing, paraphrasing) or non-generative (i.e., verbatim transcribing). The encoding hypothesis proposes that the processing that occurs during notetaking enhances recall and retention. Previous research has focused on how encoding affects learning (e.g., Kiewra, 1989). The general effectiveness of notetaking in educational settings is well-documented, but the evidence mainly stems from a time when laptop use in classrooms was not very common. We concluded that because of the benefits for sensory-motor integration and learning, traditional handwritten notes are preferably combined with visualizations (e.g., small drawings, shapes, arrows, symbols) to facilitate and optimize learning. However, since this activity was highly synchronized, its relation to learning remains unclear. When describing the words using the keyboard, upper alpha/beta/gamma range activity in the central and frontal brain regions were observed, especially during the ideation phase. Existing literature suggests that such oscillatory neuronal activity provides the brain with optimal conditions for learning. We found that when drawing, brain areas in the parietal and occipital regions showed event related desynchronization activity in the theta/alpha range. Analyses of temporal spectral evolution (time-dependent amplitude changes) were performed on EEG data recorded with a 256-channel sensor array. Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayĪre different parts of the brain active when we type on a keyboard as opposed to when we draw visual images on a tablet? Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used in young adults to study brain electrical activity as they were typing or describing in words visually presented Pictionary TM words using a keyboard, or as they were drawing pictures of the same words on a tablet using a stylus.

Keyboard typing finger movements sending image